《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

《绿色悖论：城邦景观》

Gareth Doherty著

This innovative multidisciplinary study considers the concept of green from multiple perspectives—aesthetic, architectural, environmental, political, and social—in the Kingdom of Bahrain, where green has a long and deep history of appearing cooling, productive, and prosperous—a radical contrast to the hot and hostile desert. Although green is often celebrated in cities as a counter to gray urban environments, green has not always been good for cities. Similarly, manifestation of the color green in arid urban environments is often in direct conflict with the practice of green from an environmental point of view. This paradox is at the heart of the book. In arid environments such as Bahrain, the contradiction becomes extreme and even unsustainable.

这项创新性的多学科研究从审美、建筑、环境、政治和社会等多个角度考虑了巴林王国的绿色概念，在巴林王国，绿色有着悠久而深刻的历史，即一直在降温、生产和繁荣，这与炎热而充满敌意的沙漠形成了鲜明的对比。尽管绿色在城市中经常被认为是与灰色的城市环境相对应的，但绿色也并不总是对城市有益的。同样，从环境的角度看，绿色在干旱城市环境中的表现通常与绿色实践直接冲突。这一悖论是本书的核心。在巴林这样的干旱环境中，矛盾变得极端，甚至不可持续。

Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, Gareth Doherty explores the landscapes of Bahrain, where green represents a plethora of implicit human values and exists in dialectical tension with other culturally and environmentally significant colors and hues. Explicit in his book is the argument that concepts of color and object are mutually defining and thus a discussion about green becomes a discussion about the creation of space and place.

基于长期人种学田野调查，Gareth Doherty探索了巴林的景观，其中绿色代表了众多隐含的人类价值观，并与其他具有文化和环境意义的色彩和色调存在辩证关系。他在书中明确指出这样一个观点：颜色和物体的概念是相互定义的。因此，有关绿色的讨论就成为有关空间和场所创建的讨论。

©Green carpet of house in Gafool, Manama. Photo by Gareth Doherty / University of California Press

◆作者简介◆

Gareth Doherty

哈佛GSD MLA项目主任

哈佛大学博士学位

宾夕法尼亚大学硕士学位

都柏林大学 硕士、学士

在丹麦、美国和英国拥有专业会员资格。哈佛GSD option studio共同领导人

Gareth Doherty’s research and teaching focus on the intersections between landscape architecture and anthropology. Doherty's recent research projects have centered on landscape-related practices at various sites across the postcolonial and Islamic worlds, specifically in the Arabian peninsula, West Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Gareth Doherty的研究和教学侧重于风景园林与人类学的交叉。Doherty最近的研究项目集中在后殖民地和伊斯兰世界各地（特别是阿拉伯半岛，西非以及拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区）的与景观相关的实践。

In Doherty's book, Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State (University of California Press, 2017), Doherty analyzed a Bahraini category for landscape—greenery—al-khudra in Arabic. He spent a year walking through Bahrain, learning the local language, talking with people, and recording his encounters with green, as color and as an environmental movement. The paradox at the heart of the book is that the manifestation of the color green in arid urban environments is often in direct conflict with the practice of green from an environmental point of view. Explicit in the book is the argument that concepts of color and object are mutually defining, and thus a discussion about green becomes a discussion about the creation of space and place.

Doherty在其著作《绿色悖论：城邦景观》中，分析了巴林的landscape—greenery—al-khudra类别。他花了一年时间走遍巴林，学习当地语言，与人们交谈，记录他与绿色、色彩和环境运动的接触。这本书的核心矛盾在于，从干旱的环境角度来看，绿色在干旱的城市环境中的表现常常与绿色实践直接冲突。书中明确指出颜色和物体的概念是相互定义的，因此关于绿色的讨论变成了关于空间和场所创造的讨论。

©《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

◆ 从颜色的角度写城市

Gareth的博士论文，大概可以用来纪念在sf所有独自坐公交的时光。首先这个题目太有意思了，怎么能从颜色这种听起来非常arbitrary的角度写城市呢？讲述了不同颜色以及他们和巴林人类活动的关系，生态文化等内部的矛盾，令人印象深刻。当然另一方面觉得这种人类学式的写作确实会因为抛弃了自上而下的系统性而像是随笔。

--豆瓣书评

While Doherty’s approach may seem like a gimmick, the results are truly novel. Situated in the milieu of ethnography, Doherty spends a year in Bahrain speaking with laborers, real estate developers, farmers, and government officials, constructing a forensic composite of green. The book satisfyingly explores green’s tendencies, as well as the social and built infrastructures that support it.

虽然Doherty的方法看起来像是一个噱头，但结果确实很新颖。位于人种志的环境中，Doherty在巴林花了一年时间与劳工、房地产开发商、农民和政府官员交谈，构建一个绿色的法医复合物。这本书令人满意地探索了格林的趋势，以及支持它的社会和建筑基础设施。

©Water channel, 1963, from Glob and the Garden of Eden.Torkil Funder, Moesgaard Museum / University of California Press

The paradox of green is the opposition between aesthetic values that drive economic factors and colors that serve as an embodiment of deeper cultural values. He laments the creation of green deserts in which whole species do not interact with their environment; where the care and irrigation required to maintain curated gardens and private estates, traffic roundabouts, and industrial operations deprive the community of precious natural resources; and where rampant reclamation, deforestation, and development in the interests of shopping malls and gated communities leave a negative environmental footprint leading to the depletion of resources necessary for growth and subsistence. Once identified as a Garden of Eden, Bahrain’s distinction as an oasis among the nations of the Gulf has eroded in recent decades, with many of its once verdant groves reduced to sand fields and pockets of desert scrub. For Doherty, the challenge of landscape design must be to integrate the human factor into its natural environment in ways that promote both progress and sustainability.

绿色的悖论是驱动经济因素的审美价值与体现深层文化价值的色彩之间的对立。他痛惜绿色沙漠的形成，在那里，所有物种都不与环境相互作用；在那里，维护有管理的花园和私人庄园所需的照料和灌溉、交通环岛和工业活动剥夺了社区宝贵的自然资源；在那里，猖獗的开垦、砍伐森林，为了购物中心和封闭社区的利益而发展，给环境造成了负面影响，导致增长和生存所必需的资源枯竭。巴林曾被认定为伊甸园，但近几十年来，巴林作为海湾国家中绿洲的地位逐渐削弱，许多曾经葱茏的小树林都沦为沙田和沙漠灌木丛。对Doherty来说，景观设计的挑战必须是以促进进步和可持续发展的方式将人类因素融入自然环境中。

©《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

◆ 媒体推荐

"Doherty’s interdisciplinary range is breathtaking—essential to any consideration of color and its impact—and his deep knowledge of the region is impressive."

“Doherty的跨学科领域对于任何色彩及其影响的考虑都是至关重要的，他对这一领域的深入了解令人印象深刻。”

"Doherty is as comfortable reflecting on the aesthetic aspects of colour as he is describing the ecological implications of property development.the portrait Doherty paints is of a fascinating, quickly changing, and - yes - paradoxical place."--Environment and Urbanization

“Doherty在描述房地产开发的生态含义时，也很乐意反思色彩的美学方面。Doherty的肖像画是令人着迷，变化迅速的，也是自相矛盾的。——环境与城市化

"Beautifully written." --Landscape Architecture Magazine

“文字优美。”——风景园林杂志

©《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

"The use of color in this book to build an ethnographic window into the country is enormously compelling, thought provoking and enlightening. A fascinating read and a call for much greater care in assuming greater greening translates to greater urban sustainability."--The Nature of Cities

“在这本书中使用颜色来建立一个进入这个国家的民族志窗口是非常引人注目、发人深思和具有启发性的。引人入胜的阅读和呼吁人们更多地注意绿色的假设，这意味着更大的城市可持续性。”——The Nature of Cities

"Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State is a successful hybrid of landscape writing and ethnography focused on the island nation of Bahrain. It presents a portrait of Bahrainis' rich and evolving relationship with their landscape as well as a model for future studies."--The Dirt, uniting the built & natural environments

“绿色悖论：城邦景观是成功的风景写法和民族志的结合体，重点是岛国巴林。它描绘了巴林人与自然景观之间丰富而不断发展的关系，以供将来研究。

©《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

"These qualms aside, Paradoxes of Green is a thoughtful contribution to the developing design anthropology literature, highlighting the at-times divergent meanings of a colour, exploring the networks that support it, and demonstrating the capacity for ethnography to provide a layered account of these complexities. Moreover, this book is a unique discussion of Bahraini history and a detailed account of the ways in which literal greening is a troubled substitute for ecologically sensitive development."--Human Ecology

撇开这些疑虑，绿色的悖论是对发展中的设计人类学文献的一种深思熟虑的贡献，突出了色彩的不同时代的意义，探索了支持这种颜色的网络，并展示民族志的能力来提供这些复杂性的分层解释。此外，这本书是对巴林历史的一次独特的讨论，详细叙述了真正的绿化是困扰生态敏感发展的麻烦替代品的方式。”——人类生态学

"Despite the colorful history and identity of landscapes - whether the Irish countryside, American agrarian plains, or Persian Gulf deserts - color, and by extension actionable anthropological methods, has been conspicuously absent from recent discourse in the built environment. Paradoxes of Green offers a fresh perspective."--Design and Culture

“尽管有着丰富多彩的历史和景观特征（无论是爱尔兰的乡村，美国的土地平原还是波斯湾的沙漠）但在建筑环境中，色彩和可操作的人类学方法在最近的讨论中明显缺失。绿色悖论提供了一个新的视角。”——设计与文化

©《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

"This work should be considered a major achievement for its exploration of the diverse landscapes of Bahrain and their continuous production and transformation, presented in an accessible manner which nevertheless does not reduce its challenging complexity."--Middle East Journal

“这项工作应该被认为是一个重大的成就，它探索巴林的多样性景观及其持续的生产和转型，并且以一种易于获取的方式呈现，但这并不降低其挑战性的复杂性。”——中东期刊

"Paradoxes of Green is thoughtfully and accessibly written, and the author's self-conscious allusions to the tradition of ethnographic fieldwork in classical anthropology gives the text a narrative dimension that was often found in the early decades of the discipline."--City and Society

“《绿色的悖论》经过深思熟虑和通俗易懂的作品，作者自觉地引用了古典人类学中的民族志田野调查传统，这给了文本一个叙事维度，而这种维度在学科的早期几十年中经常出现。”——城市与社会

©《Paradoxes of Green: Landscapes of a City-State》

* 文章素材来源网络及豆瓣书评，如有侵权联系即删。