今天，我们将为大家带来一个景观Research——Oil & Moss (石油和鹿蕊)。感兴趣的同学一定要往下看哦~


PART 1
场地背景

安东尼娅·特芙丽娜 (Antonina Tevlin)住在位于西伯利亚西北部的汉特-曼西自治区-尤格拉省（KhMAO）的Russkinskaya村。她是汉特人*的一员，而她的父母依旧遵循着原始的、游牧的生活方式，在他们600公顷左右的古老领地上放牧驯鹿。

但是KhMOA地区生产着俄罗斯50%的石油，当石油开发商来到他们的领地后，他们开始遇到了问题。道路上设置了检查站，石油公司们保留着获准访客的名单，因此只有后当地汉特人家族中的近亲才被允许进入他们祖传的领地。一些他们的客人必须穿着汉特人的传统服饰才能通过这些检查站。
In Russkinskaya village, in the northwestern Siberian province of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra (KhMAO), lives Antonina Tevlina. She is one of the Khanty people, and her parents still live an Indigenous, nomadic way of life, grazing reindeer on their ancestral territory of around 600 hectares.But KhMOA produces about 50% of the oil in Russia, and since oil producers came to their land, they have faced problems. Checkpoints are mounted on the roads and the companies keep lists of approved visitors so that only close relatives of the family are allowed through to their ancestral lands. Some of their guests have had to dress up in traditional Khanty clothes to get through the checkpoints.

“鹿蕊*就像是驯鹿的面包。如果受到了干扰，需要将近30年的时间去恢复它的生长。”安东尼娅·特芙丽娜说道。石油泄漏导致了该地区的水和湖泊的污染，破坏了当地的生态系统，从而导致驯鹿数量的减少，并恶化了原住民的生活状况。
“Yagel moss is like a bread for a deer, if something happens it took around 30 years to restore,” says Antonina Tevlina. Oil leaks pollute water and lakes in the region and destroy the ecosystem, which leads to a reduction in the number of reindeer and deteriorates the living conditions for the Indigenous peoples.


PART 2
场地调查

俄罗斯绿色和平组织中关注石油泄漏问题的几位志愿者向我介绍了KhMAO自治区的环境问题，他们把我介绍给了安东尼娅·特芙丽娜，因此我决定跟踪记录她家的生活状况。

当我在那里的时候，我用一个塑料瓶装满了积累在土地上的石油残留物。这些照片显示了气候崩溃和化石燃料的开采是如何影响到了那些最易受影响的人们，那些从这些资源的开发中获得最少收益的人们。我用了35mm的胶片进行拍摄，在胶片冲洗阶段，我使用了KhMAO的石油泄漏的含油液体。

这些石油随意破坏了影片的“肉质”，使其变形，出现了孔洞和划痕，就像被石油泄漏破坏的环境一样。
Several volunteers from the oil spill movement of Greenpeace Russia told me about the environmental problem in the autonomous region in KhMAO. They introduced me to Antonina Tevlina and I decided to document the living conditions of her family.While I was there I filled a plastic bottle with oil residue that had pooled in the land. These photographs show how climate breakdown and fossil fuel extraction primarily affect those who are most vulnerable, those who receive in fact the least benefit from the use of this resources. Shot on 35mm film, oil containing liquid from oil spills in KhMAO was used at the stage of film developing.Oil randomly destroys the gelatinous “flesh” of film, deforming it with holes and scratches exactly as harmed environment is deformed under the oil spillage.
注释：

*汉特人（Khanty People）: 汉特人，又称奥斯恰克人、奥斯蒂亚克人（Ostyak），是俄罗斯的一个土著民族，主要居住在汉特-曼西自治区，该地区在古代被称为“尤格拉”。汉特人居住长满大片苔藓、泥炭、菅茅和沼生矮松树的沼泽附近。居住地气候恶劣︰冬季持续6个月，有2公尺厚的积雪；夏季洪水泛滥。（来源：Wikipedia）

*鹿蕊（Yagel Moss/Cladonia rangiferina）：也被称为驯鹿石蕊。是一种浅色灌木状的石蕊科地衣。主要分布在高山苔原地区，非常耐寒。尽管外观上类似苔藓，却不是苔藓。它是驯鹿的重要食物。驯鹿地衣生长缓慢，一旦被过度放牧、踩踏或者其他的形式破坏，可能需要数十年才能恢复。


原文：Igor Tereshkov

翻译：孙艺瑄